55 Cancri e is classified as a "super-Earth," roughly 2 times the radius of Earth and about 8 times its mass. This significant mass suggests a denser composition compared to Earth. 

The planet is located approximately 40 light-years away in the constellation Cancer. It orbits a G-type star that is part of a binary system, influencing its environment. 

Due to its close proximity to its host star, 55 Cancri e experiences extreme surface temperatures, potentially exceeding 1,500 °C (2,732 °F). This intense heat may create a landscape dominated by molten rock and lava flows, with an atmosphere that could be rich in vaporized materials.

Scientists theorize that 55 Cancri e has a complex internal structure, likely featuring a dense iron core surrounded by a silicate mantle. The possibility of a carbon-rich composition raises intriguing questions about the presence of diamond deposits. 

Discovery Method: Radial Velocity and Transit Method

Year Discovered: 2004

Details: 55 Cancri e was discovered using the radial velocity method, which measures the gravitational pull of a planet on its host star. This method detects slight wobbles in a star's motion caused by orbiting planets. Later, transit observations helped refine its properties, revealing its size and orbital characteristics.