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PSR B1620-26 b is a gas giant about 2.5 times the mass of Jupiter, making it one of the larger known exoplanets.
This ancient planet is located around 12,400 light-years away in the globular cluster M4.
Like Jupiter, this planet doesn’t have a solid surface. Its outer layers are made up mostly of hydrogen and helium gases. It’s likely very cold and dark, as it orbits an unusual pair of stars (a pulsar and a white dwarf).
The planet likely has a rocky or icy core surrounded by thick layers of gas. The structure would resemble that of Jupiter or Saturn, but much older.
PSR B1620-26 b is often called the Methuselah planet because it is one of the oldest planets known, estimated to be 12.7 billion years old, formed soon after the Big Bang. What’s even more interesting is that it orbits a pulsar (a rapidly spinning neutron star) and a white dwarf. This makes it one of the most exotic planetary systems ever discovered. Studying it helps scientists understand how planets could form and survive in such extreme environments.
PSR B1620-26 b was discovered in 1993 using the pulsar timing method. This technique involves detecting the slight irregularities in the precise timing of pulses emitted by a pulsar (a rapidly spinning neutron star). Pulsars emit regular bursts of radio waves, but if they are orbited by a planet, the planet’s gravitational pull causes a slight delay in these pulses. The planet was found in a binary system where a pulsar and a white dwarf star orbit each other. By measuring the timing variations of the pulsar’s radio waves, astronomers inferred the presence of PSR B1620-26 b, confirming it as one of the oldest known planets.