Size and Composition: Neptune is the fourth-largest planet by diameter and is classified as an ice giant. Its atmosphere is primarily composed of hydrogen, helium, and methane, which gives it a striking blue color.

Atmosphere: The planet has strong winds, the fastest in the solar system, reaching up to 1,500 miles per hour (2,400 kilometers per hour). Its atmosphere features large storm systems, including the Great Dark Spot, similar to Jupiter's Great Red Spot.

. Moons and Rings: Neptune has 14 known moons, with Triton being the largest and most notable. Triton is unique because it has a retrograde orbit, suggesting it may have been captured by Neptune’s gravity. Neptune also has a faint ring system composed of ice particles and dust.

Distance from the Sun: Neptune is about 30.1 astronomical units (AU) away from the Sun, which is roughly 2.7 billion miles (4.3 billion kilometers).

Orbit and Rotation: It takes about 165 Earth years for Neptune to complete one orbit around the Sun. Its day lasts about 16 hours.

Exploration: The only spacecraft to visit Neptune was Voyager 2, which flew by in 1989. It provided much of the data we have about the planet and its moons.

Discovery: Neptune was discovered on September 23, 1846, based on mathematical predictions rather than direct observation.

Core: At the center, Neptune likely has a rocky core composed of heavy elements like iron and nickel, surrounded by a mixture of water, ammonia, and methane in various states. The core is thought to be about 1.5 to 2 times the mass of Earth.

Mantle: Above the core, there is a thick mantle made of ices—water, ammonia, and methane. This layer is not solid but rather behaves like a superheated fluid due to high pressure and temperature.

Atmosphere: Above the mantle, Neptune has a deep atmosphere primarily composed of hydrogen and helium, with a significant amount of methane, which gives the planet its blue color. The atmosphere is turbulent, featuring storms and high-speed winds.

Heat and Dynamics: Neptune radiates more heat than it receives from the Sun, suggesting that it has internal heat sources, possibly from the slow gravitational contraction of its interior. This heat contributes to the dynamic weather patterns observed in its atmosphere.

Pressure and Temperature: The pressure and temperature increase dramatically as you move toward the center. The core may reach temperatures of around 5,000 to 7,000 Kelvin (4,727 to 6,727 degrees Celsius), while the pressure can be millions of times that of Earth’s atmosphere.

Atmosphere: Neptune’s atmosphere is primarily composed of hydrogen, helium, and methane. The methane absorbs red light, giving the planet its striking blue color. The atmosphere is dynamic, with strong winds and storm systems.

Storms: The planet is home to massive storm systems, including the famous Great Dark Spot, similar to Jupiter's Great Red Spot. These storms can change rapidly and vary in size.

Moons: Neptune has 14 known moons, with Triton being the largest. Triton is unique for its retrograde orbit, indicating it may have been captured by Neptune. It features geysers that spew nitrogen gas and a thin atmosphere.

Rings: Neptune has a faint ring system composed of ice particles, dust, and possibly other materials. These rings are not very prominent and are much less substantial than those of Saturn.

Cold Temperatures: Neptune is extremely cold, with temperatures in the upper atmosphere dropping to around -214 degrees Celsius (-353 degrees Fahrenheit).

Magnetic Field: Neptune has a significant magnetic field that is tilted relative to its rotation axis, suggesting complex internal dynamics.

Diameter: Neptune has a diameter of about 49,244 kilometers (30,598 miles), making it the fourth-largest planet in our solar system by diameter.

Mass: Neptune's mass is approximately 1.024 × 10²⁷ kilograms (about 17 times the mass of Earth).

Volume: The volume of Neptune is about 62.7 trillion cubic kilometers (15 trillion cubic miles), which means it could fit around 57 Earths inside it.