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Rocky Core: Titan is believed to have a dense, rocky core composed primarily of silicate minerals. This core is estimated to be about 2,000 kilometers (1,200 miles) in radius, and it makes up a significant portion of Titan’s mass.
Subsurface Ocean: Beneath Titan’s thick, icy crust, scientists believe there may be a subsurface ocean of liquid water mixed with ammonia. This ocean could exist around 50-100 kilometers (30-60 miles) beneath the surface and has raised speculation about the possibility of life.
Icy Mantle: Surrounding Titan's rocky core is a mantle made mostly of water ice. Due to the extremely cold temperatures on Titan, this ice is as hard as rock. The icy mantle separates the core from the surface and contributes to the moon's structure and geology.
Ammonia-Rich Water: The subsurface ocean is thought to contain ammonia, which acts as an antifreeze, lowering the freezing point of water and allowing the ocean to remain liquid despite Titan’s frigid temperatures. This ammonia-water mixture may be crucial for maintaining the liquid state of the subsurface ocean.
Cryovolcanism: There is evidence suggesting that Titan might experience cryovolcanism, where volcanoes erupt not with molten rock, but with cold water, ammonia, and methane. These eruptions could bring materials from the interior to the surface, helping to refresh Titan’s landscape and feed its atmosphere with methane.
Uranus Atmosphere and Composition
Uranus has a thick atmosphere mainly of hydrogen and helium, with methane giving it a blue color.
Classified as an "ice giant," Uranus has a slushy layer of water, ammonia, and methane ices beneath the atmosphere.
Uranus Internal Structure and Temperature
It has a rocky core about 10-15 times Earth's mass, surrounded by a mantle of ice and liquid materials.
Emits little internal heat, resulting in a cold atmosphere at around -224°C, making it the coldest planet.
Uranus Magnetic Field
Features a unique magnetic field tilted 59 degrees from its rotation axis and offset from the center, likely due to conducting fluids in the icy mantle.
Atmospheric Composition
Uranus's atmosphere is primarily hydrogen (83%) and helium (15%).
Methane (around 2%) absorbs red light, giving Uranus a blue color.
Cloud Bands
Consist mainly of methane ice clouds, less pronounced than Jupiter or Saturn.
Storms and Winds
High-speed winds can reach 900 km/h (560 mph) with occasional storms appearing as bright clouds.
Rings
Faint ring system of dark particles, remnants of shattered moons or comets, with 13 known rings.
Moons
Uranus has 27 moons, including five major ones: Miranda, Ariel, Umbriel, Titania, and Oberon, featuring canyons, craters, and ice surfaces.
Uranus - Physical Characteristics
Diameter: Approximately 50,724 kilometers, the third-largest planet.
Volume: 68.3 trillion cubic kilometers, can contain about 63 Earths.
Mass: 8.68 x 10²⁷ kilograms, 14.5 times Earth's mass.
Circumference: 159,354 kilometers at the equator.
Surface Area: 8.1 million square kilometers, 15 times Earth's surface.